Utah Courts
UCJA Rule 3-109 (Code of Judicial Administration)
UCJA Rule 3-109 (Code of Judicial Administration)
Rule 3-109. Ethics Advisory Committee.
Intent:
To establish the Ethics Advisory Committee as a resource for judges to request advice on the interpretation and application of the Code of Judicial Conduct.
To establish a process for recording and disseminating opinions on judicial ethics.
Applicability:
This rule shall apply to all employees of the judicial branch of government who are subject to the Code of Judicial Conduct.
Statement of the Rule:
(1) The Ethics Advisory Committee is responsible for providing opinions on the interpretation and application of the Code of Judicial Conduct to specific factual situations.
(2) The Administrative Office shall provide staff support through the Office of General Counsel and shall distribute opinions in accordance with this rule.
(3) Duties of the committee.
(3)(A) Preparation of opinions.
(3)(A)(i) The Ethics Advisory Committee shall, in appropriate cases, prepare and publish written opinions concerning the ethical propriety of professional or personal conduct when requested to do so by the Judicial Council, the Boards of Judges, the Judicial Conduct Commission, judicial officers and employees, judges pro tempore or candidates for judicial office. The Committee may interpret statutes, rules, and case law as may be necessary to answer a request for an opinion.
(3)(A)(ii) The Committee shall respond to an inquiry into the conduct of others only if
(3)(A)(ii)(a) the inquiry is made by the Judicial Council, a Board of Judges, or the Judicial Conduct Commission; and
(3)(A)(ii)(b) the inquiry is limited to matters of general interest to the judiciary or a particular court level.
(3)(A)(iii) The Committee shall not answer requests for legal opinions or inquiries concerning conduct that has already taken place, unless it is of an ongoing nature.
(3)(B) The Committee may receive proposals from the Judicial Council, the Boards of Judges, the Judicial Conduct Commission, and judicial officers and employees or initiate its own proposals for necessary or advisable changes in the Code of Judicial Conduct and shall submit appropriate recommendations to the Supreme Court for consideration.
(4) Submission of requests.
(4)(A) Requests for advisory opinions shall be in writing addressed to the Chair of the Committee, through General Counsel, and shall include the following:
(4)(A)(i) A brief statement of the contemplated conduct.
(4)(A)(ii) Reference to the relevant section(s) of the Code of Judicial Conduct.
(4)(A)(iii) Citation to any relevant ethics opinions or other authority, if known.
(4)(B) The request for an opinion and the identity of the requesting party is confidential unless waived in writing by the requesting party.
(5) Consideration of requests.
(5)(A) As used in these rules, the term "informal opinion" refers to an opinion that has been prepared and released by the Committee. The term "formal opinion" refers to an opinion that has been considered and released by the Judicial Council. "Formal opinions" will usually be reserved for situations of substantial and general interest to the public or the judiciary.
(5)(B) Upon receipt of a request for an advisory opinion, General Counsel shall research the issue and prepare a preliminary recommendation for the Committee's consideration. The opinion request, preliminary recommendation and supporting authorities shall be distributed to the Committee members within 21 days of receipt of the request.
(5)(C) The Committee members shall review the request and recommendation and submit comments to General Counsel within 14 days of their receipt of the request and preliminary recommendation.
(5)(D) General Counsel shall review the comments submitted by the Committee members and, within 14 days of receipt of the comments, prepare a responsive informal opinion in writing which shall be distributed to the Committee members for approval.
(5)(E) A majority vote of the Committee members is required for issuance of an opinion and may be obtained by electronic means or, upon the request of a Committee member, the Chair may continue the vote until the next meeting of the Committee.
(5)(F) Informal opinions shall be released to the requesting party within 60 days of receipt of the request unless the chair determines that additional time is needed for the committee members to deliberate and finalize the opinion or the matter is referred to the Judicial Council.
(5)(G) Upon the written request of a party and for good cause, the Committee may issue a response to a request within a shorter period of time than provided for in these rules. The requesting party has the responsibility of establishing that the request is of an emergency nature and requires an abbreviated response time.
(6) Referral to Judicial Council. Upon an affirmative vote of a majority of the Committee members, a motion of the requesting party, or a motion by the Judicial Council, an opinion request and Committee recommendation shall be referred to the Judicial Council for consideration. Within 60 days of receipt of the referral, the Council shall consider the request and recommendation and take the following action:
(6)(A) Approve or modify the opinion and direct the Committee to release the opinion, as initially drafted or modified, to the requesting party as an informal opinion of the Committee, or
(6)(B) Approve or modify the opinion and release the opinion as a formal opinion of the Council.
(7) Reconsideration of opinions.
(7)(A) Within 14 days of the issuance of an opinion, the requesting party or a Committee member may request reconsideration. Within 30 days of the issuance of the opinion, a Board of Judges may request reconsideration if the Board was not the requesting party and the opinion addresses matters of general interest to the judiciary or to a particular court level. Requests for reconsideration of informal opinions must be made in the first instance to the Committee and then to the Judicial Council. Requests for reconsideration of formal opinions shall be made to the Judicial Council. Requests for reconsideration shall be in writing addressed to the Chair of the Committee or the Presiding Officer of the Council, through General Counsel, and shall include the following:
(7)(A)(i) A brief statement explaining the reasons for reconsideration.
(7)(A)(ii) Identification of any new facts or authorities not previously submitted or considered.
(7)(B) The Committee or Council shall consider the request as soon as practicable and may take the following action:
(7)(B)(i) Approve the request for reconsideration and modify the opinion;
(7)(B)(ii) Approve the request for reconsideration and approve the opinion as originally published; or
(7)(B)(iii) Deny the request.
(7)(C) The Committee shall be kept advised of the status of any request to reconsider an opinion.
(8) Recusal. Circumstances that require recusal of a judge shall require recusal of a Committee member from participation in Committee action. If the chair is recused, a majority of the remaining members shall select a chair pro tempore. If a member is recused, the chair may appoint a judge of the same court and if applicable the same geographic division or a lawyer to assist the Committee with its deliberations. Preference should be given to former members of the Committee.
(9) Publication. All opinions of the Committee and the Judicial Council shall be numbered upon issuance, and published in a format approved by the Judicial Council. No published opinion rendered by the Committee or the Council shall identify the requesting party whose conduct is the subject of the opinion unless confidentiality of the requesting party is waived in writing.
(10) Legal effect. Compliance with an informal opinion shall be considered evidence of good faith compliance with the Code of Judicial Conduct. Formal opinions shall constitute a binding interpretation of the Code of Judicial Conduct.
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