Utah Courts
UCJA Rule 15-708 (Code of Judicial Administration)
UCJA Rule 15-708 (Code of Judicial Administration)
Rule 15-708. Character and fitness.
(a) Standard of character and fitness. A Licensed Paralegal Practitioner’s conduct should conform to the requirements of the law, both in professional service to clients and in the Licensed Paralegal Practitioner’s business and personal affairs. A Licensed Paralegal Practitioner should be one whose record of conduct justifies the trust of clients, adversaries, courts, and others with respect to the professional duties owed to them. An Applicant whose record manifests a significant deficiency in honesty, trustworthiness, diligence, or reliability shall be denied licensure. The Applicant has the burden of proof to establish by clear and convincing evidence her or his fitness to be licensed as a Paralegal Practitioner. Applicants must be approved by the LPP Admissions Committee prior to sitting for the Paralegal Practitioner Examinations. At any time before being licensed as a Paralegal Practitioner, the LPP Admissions Committee may withdraw or modify its approval.
(b) Investigative process; investigative interview. Investigations into the character and fitness of Applicants may be informal, but shall be thorough, with the object of ascertaining the truth.
(b)(1) The LPP Admissions Committee may conduct an investigation and may act with or without requiring a personal appearance by an Applicant.
(b)(2) At the discretion of the LPP Admissions Committee, an Applicant may be required to attend an investigative interview conducted by one or more members of the Committee. The investigative interview shall be informal but the Applicant shall have the right to counsel and shall be notified in writing of the general factual areas of inquiry. Documentary evidence may be provided as part of the investigation, but no witnesses will be permitted to appear during the interview. The interview shall be a closed proceeding.
(b)(3) After an investigative interview has been conducted, the Applicant shall be notified regarding whether or not she or he has been approved to sit for the Paralegal Practitioner Examination(s). Applicants who are not approved will be notified regarding those areas that are of concern to the Committee. An Applicant seeking review of the decision must request a formal hearing within ten calendar days of notice of the Committee's decision. The request must be made in writing and provided to the LPP Administrator. The hearing will be conducted in accordance with Rule 15-708(c).
(b)(4) The Committee may determine that an Applicant must take corrective action before approval of her or his application can be granted. The Applicant shall be notified in writing of the action required. No later than 30 days prior to the date of the Paralegal Practitioner’s Examination(s), the Applicant must provide written documentation to the LPP Administrator proving that the required corrective action has been completed.
(b)(4)(A) If the documentation is not provided as required within 30 days prior to the Paralegal Practitioner’s Examination(s), the Applicant must, instead, submit to the LPP Administrator, a written request to transfer to a future exam date, including the payment of the prescribed transfer fee. The request must specify when the corrective action will be completed and which future examination(s) the Applicant intends to take.
(b)(4)(B) The exam must be taken within the next two scheduled Paralegal Practitioner Examination(s). An Applicant is entitled to one transfer only.
(b)(4)(C) The application of an Applicant who neither takes corrective action nor requests a transfer shall be considered withdrawn.
(c) Formal hearing. In matters where the LPP Admissions Committee decides to convene or an Applicant so requests, the LPP Admissions Committee shall hold a formal hearing. The formal hearing shall be a closed proceeding and may be scheduled whether or not preceded by an investigative interview.
(c)(1) A formal hearing shall be attended by no fewer than three LPP Admissions Committee members. Five calendar days before the hearing, the Applicant and the Committee must provide a list of witnesses and a copy of any exhibits to be offered into evidence. If an Applicant chooses to submit a written statement, it must also be filed five calendar days before the hearing.
(c)(2) Written notice of the formal hearing shall be given at least ten calendar days before the hearing. Notice shall be sent to the Applicant at the address in the application. The notice shall include a statement of the preliminary factual matters of concern. The matters inquired into at the hearing are not limited to those identified in the notice, but may include any concerns relevant to making a determination regarding the Applicant's character and fitness.
(c)(3) The formal hearing will have a complete stenographic record made by a certified court reporter or an electronic record made by means acceptable in the courts of Utah. All testimony shall be taken under oath. Although no formal rules of evidence or civil procedure will apply, an Applicant has the right to counsel, the right to cross-examine witnesses, the right to examine the evidence and the right to present witnesses and documentary evidence. An Applicant is entitled to make reasonable use of the Bar's subpoena powers to compel attendance of witnesses and to adduce relevant evidence relating to matters adverse to the applicant.
(c)(4) Written findings of fact and conclusions of law shall be issued no later than 45 calendar days after the formal hearing and any subsequent inquiries have been concluded. In computing the period of time, the last day of the period shall be included, unless it is a Saturday, a Sunday, or a legal holiday, in which event the period extends until the end of the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday. “Legal holiday” includes days designated as holidays by the state or federal governments.
(d) Factors related to character and fitness. In addition to the standards set forth in Rules 15-708(a), and 15-708(f) and Rule 15-717 if applicable, the LPP Admissions Committee may use the following factors to decide whether an Applicant possesses the requisite character and fitness to be licensed as a Paralegal Practitioner:
(d)(1) the Applicant's lack of candor;
(d)(2) unlawful conduct;
(d)(3) academic misconduct;
(d)(4) making of false or misleading statements, including omissions;
(d)(5) misconduct in employment;
(d)(6) acts involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation;
(d)(7) abuse of legal process;
(d)(8) neglect of financial responsibilities;
(d)(9) neglect of professional obligations;
(d)(10) violation of a court order;
(d)(11) evidence of mental or emotional instability;
(d)(12) evidence of drug or alcohol dependency;
(d)(13) lack of diligence or reliability;
(d)(14) lack of civility;
(d)(15) denial of admission to the bar in another jurisdiction on character and fitness
grounds;
(d)(16) past or pending disciplinary action by a lawyer disciplinary agency or other professional disciplinary agency of any jurisdiction; and
(d)(17) other conduct bearing upon character or fitness to be licensed as a Paralegal Practitioner.
(e) Assigning weight and significance to prior conduct. In making a determination as to the requisite character and fitness, the following factors should be considered in assigning weight and significance to prior conduct:
(e)(1) age at the time of conduct;
(e)(2) recency of the conduct;
(e)(3) reliability of the information concerning the conduct;
(e)(4) seriousness of the conduct;
(e)(5) factors underlying the conduct;
(e)(6) cumulative effect of conduct or information;
(e)(7) evidence of rehabilitation;
(e)(8) positive social contributions since the conduct;
(e)(9) candor in the admissions process;
(e)(10) materiality of any omission or misrepresentations; and
(e)(11) acceptance of responsibility for past conduct.
(f) Civil, criminal, or disciplinary charges.
(f)(1) Where bar complaints, civil cases, or criminal charges are pending, an Applicant's character and fitness review may be held in abeyance until the matter has been resolved by the authority in question.
(f)(2) An Applicant convicted of a misdemeanor offense or who has entered a plea in abeyance to any criminal offense may be asked to appear before members of the LPP Admissions Committee for an investigation interview or a formal hearing. In determining whether the Applicant is of good character, the Committee will consider the nature and seriousness of the criminal conduct resulting in the conviction(s), mitigating and aggravating factors including completion of terms and conditions of any sentence imposed, payment of restitution if applicable, and demonstration of clearly proven rehabilitation.
(f)(3) A rebuttable presumption exists against licensing of an Applicant convicted of a felony offense. For purposes of this rule, a conviction includes entry of a nolo contendre (no contest) plea. An Applicant who has been convicted of a felony offense is not eligible to apply for licensure until after the date of completion of any sentence, term of probation or term of parole or supervised release, whichever occurred last. Upon an Applicant's eligibility, a formal hearing may be held as set forth in Rule 15-708(c). Factors to be considered by the Committee include, but are not limited to, the nature and seriousness of the criminal conduct resulting in the conviction(s), mitigating and aggravating factors including completion of terms and conditions of a sentence imposed and demonstration of clearly proven rehabilitation.
(g) Review. An Applicant may request a review of a formal hearing decision. The review will be conducted in accordance with Rule 15-715.
(h) Reapplication. Reapplication after denial in a character and fitness determination may not be made prior to one year from the date of the final decision (including the appellate decision, if applicable), unless a different time period is specified in the final decision. If just cause exists, the LPP Admissions Committee may require an Applicant to wait up to three years from the date of the final decision to reapply. If a reapplication period longer than one year is set for a delicensed Paralegal Practitioner, then the time period is subject to approval by the District Court hearing the petition for reinstatement.